Pulmonary and central nervous system infiltration of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with concomitant diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: Case report and review of literature

Introduction: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) are lymphoproliferative diseases of B lymphocytes. Objective: To describe the concomitance of diseases with pulmonary and CNS involvement. Clinical case: A 67-year-old patient with DLBCL and CLL obtained partial remission of the diseases after six cycles of standard combined chemotherapy. Relapse of CLL (del17p; TP53+) occurred after 22 months, becoming refractory to a new treatment. Monoclonal B lymphocyte infiltration was found in the cerebrospinal fluid and bronchoalveolar lavage, leading to death due to respiratory failure. Conclusion: The unfavorable outcome shows a rare and serious complication in the concomitance of these diseases.