SGLT2 inhibitors-induced electrolyte abnormalities: An analysis of the associated mechanisms

Abstract Aims Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new class of antidiabetic drugs that affect serum electrolytes levels. The aim of this review is the detailed presentation of the associated mechanisms of the SGLT2 inhibitors-induced electrolyte abnormalities. Materials and methods Eligible trials and relevant articles published in PubMed (last search in July 2017) are included in the review. Results SGLT2 inhibitors induce small increases in serum concentrations of magnesium, potassium and phosphate. The small increase in serum phosphate concentration may result in reduced bone density and increased risk of bone fractures, mainly seen with canagliflozin, but recent meta-analyses did not show increased risk of bone fractures with SGLT2 inhibitors. Conclusion The increases in serum electrolytes levels may play a role in the cardiovascular protection that has been recently reported with empagliflozin and canagliflozin.