Exercise training improves neurovascular control and calcium cycling gene expression in patients with heart failure with cardiac resynchronization therapy

Cardiac resynchronization therapy improves neurovascular control and exercise capacity in patients with heart failure (HF) with intraventricular conduction block. Our study shows that, in patients with HF on guideline-recommended pharmacological therapy in whom a biventricular pacemaker has recently been implanted, exercise training further improves exercise tolerance, neurovascular control, and Ca2+-handling gene expression in skeletal muscle.