Scara3 regulates bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell fate switch between osteoblasts and adipocytes by promoting Foxo1

Objectives Scavenger receptor class A, member 3 (Scara3) was involved in adipogenesis. However, the effect of Scara3 on the switch between osteogenesis and adipogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) remains elusive. Materials and methods The correlations between SCARA3 with the osteogenic-related were analysed based on the GTEx database. The effects of Scara3 on osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs were evaluated by qPCR, Western blot (WB) and cell staining. The mechanisms of Scara3 regulating Foxo1 and autophagy were validated by co-expression analysis, WB and immunofluorescence. In vivo, Scara3 adeno-associated virus was injected into intra-bone marrow of the aged mice and ovariectomized (OVX) mice whose phenotypes were confirmed by micro-CT, calcein double labelling and immunochemistry (HE and OCN staining). Results SCARA3 was positively correlated with osteogenic-related genes. Scara3 expression gradually decreased during adipogenesis but increased during osteogenesis. Moreover, the deletion of Scara3 favoured adipogenesis over osteogenesis, whereas overexpression of Scara3 significantly enhanced the osteogenesis at the expense of adipogenesis. Mechanistically, Scara3 controlled the cell fate by promoting Foxo1 expression and autophagy flux. In vivo, Scara3 promoted bone formation and reduced bone marrow fat accumulation in OVX mice. In the aged mice, Scara3 overexpression alleviated bone loss as well. Conclusions This study suggested that Scara3 regulated the switch between adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation, which represented a potential therapeutic target for bone loss and osteoporosis.