Lesiones en artes marciales chinas frente a otros deportes de lucha e individuales

INTRODUCCION: Las artes marciales son ejercicios para el cuerpo, la mente y el espiritu que se originaron en Oriente y que incluyen la practica del boxeo y la autodefensa. En todo el mundo, hay alrededor de 200 disciplinas de artes marciales. El estudio de las lesiones en artes marciales es complicado. No es un tema de investigacion popular en la comunidad cientifica internacional, y en Espana es un tema que apenas se ha abordado. OBJETIVO: Conocer la prevalencia y el tipo de las lesiones en los practicantes de Wushu, Judo y Karate de la Comunidad de Madri. METODO: Realizamos un estudio descriptivo observacional longitudinal sobre las lesiones de Judo, Karate y Wushu. Se tomaron 150 deportistas de cada disciplina. Se les pregunto sobre las lesiones sufridas en un lapso de 5 anos durante su practica deportiva. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de lesiones fue entre un 20 y 25% mayor en judo y karate respectivamente que en wushu. Un 56% de los judokas, un 36.7% de los karatekas y un 38.9% de los practicantes de wushu fueron lesionados hasta el punto de tener que dejar de entrenar. De esas lesiones, en el caso del judo, un 42.9% fueron esguinces o distensiones. En el caso del karate, hubo mayoria de esguinces y distensiones (39.3%) pero los practicantes de wushu sufrieron un 44.3% de otras lesiones sin especificar. DISCUSION Y CONCLUSIONES: El Judo tiene el mayor porcentaje de lesiones, seguido del Wushu y el Karate. La lesion predominante en el Judo y el Karate es el esguince o distension. En el Wushu la mayor parte de las lesiones son de tipo inflamatorio. No se ha encontrado en la muestra estudiada una influencia del sexo o la edad en la presencia de lesiones. ABSTRACT. BACKGROUND: Martial arts are exercises for the body, the mind and the spirit. They originated in the Far East and its purpose is self-defense. In the world there are over 200 forms of martial arts which are also divided into multiple schools and styles. The study of martial arts injuries is complicated. It is not a popular research topic in the international scientific community and in Spain it is an issue that has hardly been investigated. PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence and the type of injuries in Judo, Karate and Wushu practitioners; in Comunidad de Madrid (Spain). METHOD: We conducted a longitudinal observational descriptive study about Judo, Karate and Wushu injuries. Data were collected from athletes practicing Judo, Karate and Wushu from Comunidad de Madrid. Data were collected from 150 athletes in each discipline. The participants were asked about injuries obtained while practicing these sports in a time span of 5 years. RESULTS: Prevalence of lesions were between 20 and 25% higher than in Wushu, in Judo and Karate respectively. During the study period 56% of the judokas, 36.7% karate practitioners and 38.9% Wushu practitioners were injured to the point of being forced to stop training. Of these injuries, in the case of Judo, 42.9% (the majority) were sprains or strains. In the case of karate, there were most of sprains and strains (39.3%) but Wushu practitioners suffered a 44.3% (most) of other unspecified injuries. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Judo is the martial art with the highest percentage of injuries, followed by Wushu and Karate. The predominant lesion in Judo and Karate is a sprain or a strain. Most of wushu injuries are inflammatory. There was no influence of gender or age in the occurrence of an injury in the practice of Judo, Karate or Wushu.