Antidepressant mechanisms of deep brain stimulation for treatment resistant depression

Deep brain stimulation to clinically relevant brain targets all produced therapeutic responses in an animal model of antidepressant resistance. Such effects were achieved by modulating cellular stress, impaired synaptic plasticity, dysregulated dopamine transmission and energy metabolism. The implication of these findings underscore the need for using appropriate animal models to gain valuable insight on the neurobiological state of the organism in health and disease.