Car accidents induced by a bottleneck

Based on the Nagel-Schreckenberg model (NS) we study the probability of car accidents to occur (P ac ) at the entrance of the merging part of two roads (i.e. junction). The simulation results show that the existence of non-cooperative drivers plays a chief role, where it increases the risk of collisions in the intermediate and high densities. Moreover, the impact of speed limit in the bottleneck (V b ) on the probability P ac is also studied. This impact depends strongly on the density, where, the increasing of V b enhances P ac in the low densities. Meanwhile, it increases the road safety in the high densities. The phase diagram of the system is also constructed.