Hesperidin prevents the combined toxicity of decabromodiphenyl ether and sodium nitrite in vitro.

Abstract Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) and Sodium nitrite (SN) coexist in the processing meat and fish foods, but there is no research considering them together. The present study aimed to investigate the binary mixture's toxicity of BDE-209 and SN and explore the protective effect of hesperidin (Hsp) on the combined toxicity. Results showed that compared with the impact of BDE-209 or SN alone, the binary mixture had a synergistic toxic effect on impairing the viability of HepG2 cells, accompanied by oxidative stress, Ca2+ accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction. The increase of γ-H2AX fluorescent foci and micronuclei number also indicated its genotoxicity. Pretreatment of Hsp could significantly alleviate the above damage caused by the binary combination. These findings revealed the toxicological interaction of BDE-209 and SN and highlighted that food containing abundant natural flavonoids, as hesperidin, could reduce this toxicological risk.