Efectes de diferents tractaments agronòmics i de la micorizació en la bioproductivitat de Rusmarinus Officinalis L. en la fase de viver i en restauracions paisatgístiques en condicions de clima mediterrani

La qualitat d'una planta produida en viver es pot definir com el conjunt de caracteristiques que li confereixen una millor aptitud per a sobreviure, creixer i desenvolupar el seu cicle en les condicions del seu emplacament definitiu. En aquest context, es van incloure en aquest estudi tres experiments en els quals es van assajar diferents factors de cultiu amb l'objectiu comu de caracteritzar i optimitzar la qualitat del romani (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) produit en viver per a ser utilitzat en revegetacions com a planta autoctona mediterrania. Es van assajar dosi d'aigua, temperatura, enriquiment atmosferic en dioxid de carboni (ECO2) i la inoculacio del sistema radical amb un fong endomicoricic (Glomus intrarradices Schenk & Smith), estudiant la resposta en el creixement, relacions hidriques i altres parametres fisiologics de la planta. La dosi d'aigua i la temperatura van ser els factors de cultiu que van permetre obtenir plantes de romani de caracteristiques mes adequades per a ser utilitzades en revegetacions de la zona mediterrania, mentre l'ECO2 no va tenir efecte sobre els parametres considerats com a indicadors d'enduriment. No obstant, es va observar una important resposta productiva del romani a l'ECO2, que es va veure estimulada en les plantes inoculades amb G. intrarradices (M). La micorizacio tambe va facilitar el transport d'aigua en les arrels a partir de 14-15oC, mentre que a baixes temperatures es va observar una major resistencia hidraulica radical. La respiracio de les arrels M va ser inferior que en les NM independentment de la temperatura assajada. Per altra banda, es van realitzar altres tres assajos de simulacio en hivernacle amb l'objectiu comu d'estudiar la resposta del romani a diferents situacions que poden tenir lloc amb la seva introduccio en un espai degradat que es preten rehabilitar o restaurar. Es van simular les condicions d'estres hidric que poden donar-se en el trasplantament, es van assajar dosis d'aigua distribuides a modus de regim pluviometric, es va utilitzar com a substrat sols pobres assajant diferents profunditats, es va testar la resposta de plantes inoculades amb G. intrarradices en la fase de viver i es va estudiar tambe la interaccio entre romani i altres especies autoctones mediterranies (Lavandula dentata L. i Buxus sempervirens L.). Es va observar un millor balanc hidric en les plantes micorizades durant un cicle curt de sequera de forta intensitat, condicions que poden donar-se en el trasplantament. No obstant, la micorizacio va comportar efectes negatius durant la fase de recuperacio, disminuint l'activitat metabolica del fong. Superat el trasplantament, el regim pluviometric va tenir major influencia que la micorizacio en les relacions hidriques i el creixement del romani en un assaig de revegetacio simulada. No obstant, la micorizacio va tenir tambe un efecte favorable, que es va manifestar majoritariament en el regim pluviometric de major aport hidric, augmentant la supervivencia, la biofertilitat i el recobriment del sol, la qual cosa permetria reduir les perdues per erosio. En la interaccio amb altres especies autoctones, es va observar una forta auto-competencia del romani en les combinacions romani-boix, mentre que el boix va mostrar una alta tolerancia pels seus veins. En les combinacions romani-lavanda, el creixement del romani es va veure fortament suprimit, mostrant-se la lavanda molt mes competitiva degut a la seva capacitat per a esgotar l'aigua del sol, el seu creixement postrat i la plasticitat observada en el seu patro de creixement en funcio dels canvis de densitat de plantes. Es van observar diferencies d'estrategia de resistencia a la sequera entre especies i tambe en el romani segons el seu competidor. The quality of a plant grown in a nursery can be defined by a set of features that will make it more fit to survive, grow and develop its cycle under the conditions of it final site. In this context, this study includes three experiments in which different growing factors were tested with the common aim of characterising and optimising the Rosemary quality (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) grown in a nursery to be used in revegetations as an autochthonous Mediterranean plant. Different water doses, temperature, atmospheric enrichment in carbon dioxide (ECO2) and the inoculation of the radical system with an endomycorrhicic fungus (Glomus intrarradices Schenk & Smith), were used to study the response in its growth, water relationships and other physiological parameters of the plant. Water dose and temperature were growing factors that allowed us to obtain rosemary plants with the most suitable features to be used in revegetations of the Mediterranean zone, whereas ECO2 did not have any effect on the parameters considered as endurance indicators. Nevertheless, we observed a significant productive response of the rosemary to ECO2, in plants inoculated with G. intrarradices (M) production was stimulated. The mycorrhizal association also facilitated the roots water transportation when temperature was over 14-15oC, whereas in lower temperatures we observed greater radical water resistance. The M roots' respiration was lower than that of the NM's independently of the tested temperature. On the other hand, we carried out three simulation tests in a greenhouse. The common aim was to study the rosemary response to different situations that can take place when introducing it in a degraded space that wants to be restored. We simulated the water stress conditions that can take place during the transplanting, we used different water doses emulating a pluviometric regime and we used poor soils as substrate, testing different depths. We also tested the response of plants inoculated with G. intrarradices in the nursery phase and, finally, we studied the interaction between Rosemary and the other autochthonous Mediterranean plants (Lavandula dentata L. and Buxus sempervirens L.). We observed a better water balance in mycorrhized plants during a short period of severe drought, conditions that can be found in transplanting. However, mycrorrhization caused negative effects during the recovery phase, diminishing the metabolic activity of the fungus. In a revegetation simulation, once the plants were successfully transplanted, the pluviometric regime had more influence than mycorrhization in the water relationships and in the growth of the Rosemary. However, mycorrhization also had a beneficial effect. This could be seen, namely, in that pluviometric regime with greater rainfall by making it more fit for survival, enhancing the biofertility and the coverage of the soil, fact that reduces its losses due to erosion. In the interaction with other autochthonous species, we observed a great intraspecific competition of the Rosemary in the combinations Rosemary-box tree, whereas the box tree showed great tolerance towards its neighbours. In combinations Rosemary-lavender, the growth of the Rosemary was greatly suppressed, and the lavender proved itself to be more competitive due to its capacity to deplete the water of the soil, its prostrate growth and the plasticity observed in its growth pattern depending on the changes in the density of plants. We observed differences in the strategy of resistance to drought between species and also in the Rosemary depending on its competitor.