Thermobarometric and geochronologic constraints on the emplacement of the Neoproterozoic Evate carbonatite during exhumation of the Monapo granulite complex, Mozambique

Abstract Fluid inclusion and mineral thermobarometric study supplemented by U-Th-total Pb monazite dating has been carried out in country rocks of the Evate carbonatite, which is an example of a Neoproterozoic (~590 Ma) orogenic carbonatite formed within a post-collisional tectonic setting in the Monapo granulite complex of NE Mozambique. The fluid inclusion analysis of a 573 ± 13 Ma old fenite subjacent to the Evate carbonatite revealed primary, high-density to superdense CO2-rich fluids (>1 g.cm−3) with minor admixtures of N2 (0–17.5 mol%) and CH4 (0–1.1 mol%) accompanied by alkalic hydrocarbonate melts and aqueous fluids with minor sulphates. Isochores of CO2 inclusions intersected by isopleths calculated from Ti-in-quartz and Zr-in-rutile thermometers indicate fenite formation at 480–530 °C and 2.1–5.4 kbar. The CO2-rich gas of the fenite-forming fluids/melts is similar to the anhydrous CO2 gas with traces of N2 (