Three new oleanane-type triterpene saponins from Atractylis flava

Abstract Three new bidesmosidic saponins ( 1–3 ), along with thirteen known metabolites consisting of two flavonoids and eleven triterpenoids were identified in dichloromethane and n -butanol extracts of the whole plant Atractylis flava Desf. The saponins were characterized as 3- O -[β- d -glucuronopyranosyl]-28- O -[β- d -xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β- d -xylopyranosyl]-16α-hydroxygypsogenic acid (1) , 3- O -[β- d -glucuronopyranosyl]-28- O -[β- d -xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α- l -arabinopyranosyl]-16α-hydroxygypsogenic acid ( 2 ), and 3- O -[β- d -galactopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β- d -glucuronopyranosyl]-28- O -[((3- O -acetyl)-β- d -xylopyranosyl)-(1 → 4)-((2- O -acetyl)-α- l -rhamnopyranosyl)-(1 → 2)-β- d -xylopyranosyl]-quillaic acid ( 3 ). Structures of all isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR ( 1 H, 13 C, COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, HSQC-TOCSY, HMBC, ROESY and NOESY), high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), acid hydrolysis, measurement of optical rotation and comparison with literature data.