Smart Charging for Grid-Connected Electric Vehicles to Provide Regulation Service

In the power system, grid-connected electric vehicles (EVs) have been considered as attractive resources that provide demand response (DR) and regulation service by controlling the charging power. However, due to the minimum resource size requirements in the electricity market, individual EVs are required to be aggregated by EV charging service providers (CSPs). The CSPs can minimize the charging costs of individual EVs by scheduling EV charging power considering electricity rates. At the same time, the CSPs benefits from the electricity market by providing the DR and regulation capacity. This paper proposes a systematic scheduling method for smart charging to maximize the benefits of CSP from the ancillary service (AS) market and demand response (DR) market as well as to minimize its charging cost. Numerical examples are also presented in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheduling model.