Aprovechamiento de los recursos sanguíneos en la artroplastia primaria de rodilla

2005 
A pesar de que la transfusion cada vez es mas segura, no esta exenta de riesgos. Por ello es importante tener una buena estrategia transfusional. El objetivo de este estudio es desarrollar un modelo logistico para predecir la posibilidad de transfusion sanguinea en la artroplastia primaria de rodilla; con el fin de facilitar la elaboracion de un algoritmo transfusional. Material y metodos: Estudio prospectivo de 134 pacientes intervenidos de artroplastia primaria de rodilla unilateral realizados entre el 1 de Abril y el 30 de junio del 2003. Las variables fueron analizadas para determinar su asociacion univariante con la transfusion sanguinea postoperatoria. Los factores mas significativos fueron introducidos en una regresion logistica multiple. Posteriormente se han obtenido las diferentes curvas ROC y se ha calculado el area bajo la curva ROC con el fin de obtener el modelo con mejor poder predictor. Resultado: La asociacion de la hemoglobina inicial con el peso del paciente ha obtenido la mejor area bajo la curva ROC (0,805; IC: 0,714 - 0,896). El modelo es: Probabilidad (p) = 1/ (1+e-Z) donde Z =14,960 1,008 x Hemoglobina inicial (g/dl) 0,03 x Peso (Kg). Conclusion: Las variables predictoras que mas influyen en la transfusion alogenica despues de la artroplastia total primaria de rodilla son la hemoglobina inicial y el peso. Por lo tanto, en el algoritmo uno de nuestros objetivos iniciales es mejorar, si es factible, la hemoglobina preoperatoria. _________________________________________________ Even when the blood transfusion is becoming safer, it is still not full free of risks. For that reason it is important to have a good transfusional strategy. The objective of this study was to develop a logistic model to predict the likelihood of blood transfusion in primary total knee arthroplasty; with the purpose of facilitating the preparation of a transfusional algorithm. Material and methods: A prospective study of 134 patients who underwent primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty was performed between April 1st and June 30th 2003. The variables were analysed to determine their univariate association with postoperative blood transfusion. Significant factors were entered into a multiple logistic regression model. Subsequently we obtained the different ROC curves and calculated the area under ROC curve with the purpose of obtaining the strongest predictors model. Result: The association between the initial hemoglobin and the patients weight has obtained the best area under ROC curve (0.805; CI: 0.714 - 0.896). The model is: Probability (p) = 1/(1+e-Z) where Z =14,960 1.008 x initial Hemoglobin (g/dl) 0.03 x weight (kg). Conclusion: The strongest predictors for allogenic transfusion after total knee arthroplasty are the initial hemoglobin values and the patients weight. Therefore, in algorithm one of our initial objectives is to improve, if possible, the preoperative hemoglobin.
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