Leiomyosarcoma of scrotum: A rare in-field second malignancy in a previously irradiated carcinoma of prostate and review of literature

Background: Curative intent treatments for malignancies using radiation therapy while achieving longer disease-free survivals, may also lead to solid second malignancies, a dreaded late complication. Both in-field as well as out-field second malignancies are encountered and lead to diagnostic dilemma, and delay in treatment. Materials and Methods: Details of a case of rare, in-field, radiation induced leiomyosarcoma, a rare soft tissue sarcoma, in a treated case of high risk carcinoma of prostate, who presented to our tertiary care centre was retrieved and analysed. Conclusion: Increasingly sophisticated radiotherapy techniques, while providing state of the art treatment options, does increase the potential risk of radiation-induced second-malignancies. Respecting integral-dose carries priority, until further studies elucidates mechanism of tumorigenesis.