Advances in Nanobiotechnology with Special Reference to Plant Systems

Recent advances in nanotechnology have made the massive use of engineered nanomaterials that has led to the interaction with the plants and environment. Nanoparticles enter into the plant system by two routes of penetration, namely, foliar/shoot and root system. Nanomaterial regulates the primary and secondary metabolism of the plants. Plant-nanomaterial interaction may induce beneficial, neutral, and even antagonistic effects to the growth and development of plant. The most recent advances in the plant nanobiotechnology is to develop a plant nanobionic system. Nanoengineering of plant organelles, in particular chloroplast, was done in order to develop a nanobionic plant. Recent few studies on the development of nanobionic plants have improved significantly the efficiency of the plants systems at the level of photosynthetic sensing.