Neuropeptides Profile and Increased Innervation in Becker's Nevus

Background Melanocytes are derived from neural crest, and various pigmentary disorders may accompany abnormalities in nerve system or develop following dermatome, suggesting that melanocyte and pigmentation may be closely related to neural factors. There are reports of Becker's nevus (BN) showing linear and segmental configuration, suggesting the association of BN with nerve system. However, there are no studies regarding the expression of neuropeptides in BN. Objective We investigated the expression of neuropeptides and innervation in BN. Methods Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array of 84 genes related to neuronal process was done. Among the genes with 10-fold or more increase in lesional, real-time PCR was performed for neuropeptide Y (NPY), galanin, neurotensin (NTS) and their receptors skin compared to normal skin. IHC stain was done to look for the expression of NPY, galanin, NTS and their receptors and the distribution of protein gene products (PGP) 9.5 immunoreactive nerve fibers. Results PCR array revealed that 16 out of 84 genes related to neuronal process were increased by 10-fold or more in lesional skin. In real-time PCR of NPY, galanin, NTS and their receptors, statistically significant increase of NPY1R (p<0.05) and marginally significant increase of NPY2R, GAL2R, and NTS2R (p<0.1) was verified in lesional skin. In immunohistochemistry, NPY, NPY1R NPY2R, and NTS2R were highly expressed in lesional skin and increased PGP 9.5 immunoreactive linear nerve fibers were found in the epidermis of BN. Conclusion NPY, galanin, NTS and their receptors and increased innervation may play a role in the pathogenesis of BN.