End-of-Life Care Preferences in Patients with Severe and Persistent Mental Illness and Chronic Medical Conditions: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Objectives Physicians rarely engage severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI) patients in end-of-life care discussion despite an increased risk of debilitating medical illnesses and mortality. Access to quality palliative care and medical assistance in dying (MAID) has become a priority in Canada and many jurisdictions. In this study, we compared SPMI and chronic medically ill (CMI) patients' end-of-life care preferences and comfort level with end-of-life care discussion, and identified potential predictors of interest in MAID. Design Comparative cross-sectional study. Setting Hospital-based. Participants We recruited 106 SPMI and 95 CMI patients at the Jewish General Hospital, Canada. Patients aged ≥40 years, without severe cognitive impairment, able to communicate in English or French and provide written informed consent were included. Measurements Attitudes towards pain management, palliative sedation, MAID, and artificial life support were collected with the Health Care Preferences Questionnaire. Adjusted odd ratios (aOR) were calculated for each end-of-life care intervention. Comfort with discussion was rated on a Likert scale. A stepwise regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of interest in MAID. Results SPMI was not correlated to any end-of-life care intervention, except for MAID where SPMI patients were less likely to support its use (aOR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.25–0.94, p = 0.03). Religiosity was also correlated with interest in MAID (aOR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.06–0.31, p  Conclusions SPMI patients are able to voice their end-of-life care preferences, and contrary to some fears, do not want MAID more than CMI patients.