Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Patients with Fasting Hyperglycemia

Fasting hyperglycemia is one of the challenges in the management of diabetes mellitus, especially in patients with type 1 diabetes. The dawn phenomenon and Somogyi effect are two important causes of fasting hyperglycemia. This chapter focuses on clinical application of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in the detection and control of the dawn phenomenon and Somogyi effect. This chapter will first briefly introduce the concepts of the dawn phenomenon and Somogyi effect and their pathogenesis and then will focus on the classification and analysis of the dawn phenomenon and Somogyi effect with clinical utilization of CGM in recent years, including how to apply CGM for better determination and identification of the dawn phenomenon and Somogyi effect as well as how to use CGM to guide individualized treatment for the dawn phenomenon and Somogyi effect. At the end of this chapter, the potentially important roles of CGM in research into the pathophysiological mechanism of fasting hyperglycemia and individualized treatment will be described.