High-Order Harmonic Resonances in Traction Power Supplies: A Review Based on Railway Operational Data, Measurements and Experience

Harmonic resonances in traction power supply systems (TPSSs) have attracted great attention due to their potentially destructive impact on the safe and stable operation of railways. Based on operation data acquired from Chinese railways, this paper presents a comprehensive review of this issue considering both academic and engineering requirements. Analyzing actual incidents, the general patterns and effects of TPSS resonances are derived. The relation between the TPSS and the locomotive is illustrated by circuit models. Relevant methods for modeling locomotives and TPSSs are discussed. Both advanced resonance analysis methods giving general influence factors and a simplified resonance analysis explaining resonance features in a practical manner are discussed. Multiple ground-based and on-board solutions for resonance elimination are presented. At last, preidentifying resonances in actual systems is investigated for addressing the open topic of resonance prevention.