A Historical Scenario for the Universe’s Evolution According to the Net Charged Universe (NCU) Model [1]

Abstract Based on the NCU concept presented earlier, this article describes and calculates a historical scenario for the development of the universe without “Dark Energy” but caused by an average excess of unneutralized protons (pn). This historical scenario consists of the following steps: Starting with one initial quantum fluctuation, a “Primordial Nucleus” is formed from protons generated by further quantum fluctuations. Based on Mach’s principle, the nucleus is held together due to the very high gravitational constant which is given because of the tiny mass the nucleus contains in the beginning. The more pn are condensed in the nucleus, the lower G becomes according to Mach’s principle. So, a turning point is reached, and beyond that point the nucleus explodes at a speedof almost c. This event plays the role of the “Big Bang” in the NCU scenario. Caused by the extremely high acceleration experienced by the pn, they form an expanding hollow sphere and thereby generate our known 3D space. During the expansion, additional pn are steadily imported from fluctuations at the horizon. Because of the steadily impacting Coulomb acceleration, all pn collect more and more energy, which is converted into relativistic mass growth, and finally that mass is transformed into stable particles, i.e. protons and electrons - the known neutral matter.