Identifying benign and malignant thyroid nodules based on blood serum surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using blood serum surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to identify malignant and benign thyroid nodules. Blood serum samples collected from three different groups including healthy volunteers (n = 22), patients with benign nodules (n = 19) and malignant nodules (n = 22) were measured by SERS. The spectral analysis results demonstrate that biomolecules in serum, such as amino acids, adenine and nucleic acid bases, change differently due to the different progression of nodules. By further combining with partial least square analysis and linear discriminant analysis (PLS-LDA) method, diagnostic accuracies of 93.65% and 82.93%, sensitivities of 92.68% and 81.82% and specificities of 95.45% and 84.21% can be achieved for differentiating healthy versus thyroid nodular groups and benign versus malignant groups, respectively. The above results have suggested that this study is helpful for precise diagnosis and timely treatment for patients with thyroid nodules.