Optimal control of demand response in a smart grid

During the last years, the number of distributed generators has grown significantly and it is expected to get higher in the future. Several new technologies are being developed for this type of generation (including microturbines, photovoltaic plants, wind turbines and electrical storage systems) and have to be integrated in the electrical grid. In this framework, active loads (i.e., shift-able demands like electrical vehicles, intelligent buildings, etc.) and storage systems are crucial to make the distribution system more flexible and smart. The aim of this paper is to develop a model for the optimal integration of microgrids with renewable sources, smart buildings, and electrical vehicles (EVs) taking into account two different technologies: smart charging and vehicle to grid (V2G).