Efficacy of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in a case of protamine shock during transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Here, we report the case of a patient who developed protamine shock during a transcatheter aortic valve implant (TAVI) procedure, which was diagnosed by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). A 77-year-old man with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis and reduced left ventricular (LV) function underwent TAVI under general anesthesia. During the procedure, a transcatheter heart valve (THV) was deployed via the transfemoral approach, without any other major complications. The entire device system was then removed, and protamine sulfate was administered intravenously in 2 min.