CRISPR: Their Role in Reversal of Drug Resistance and Future Prospect and Scenario

Microbes live on the Earth with supreme harmony with other organisms. They are essential for the life on earth; however they are also cause of severe ailment in animals and humans. Multiple drug-resistant bacteria are one of them. There are some pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, that have evolved resistance against the last resort of drugs such as carbapenems and colistin, and now they have disseminated across Asia, Europe, and other continents. Indeed, there is no new drug currently available to challenge them. CRISPR (clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat) is a new emerging gene-editing molecular tool, which has been adopted by many biologists for editing of genome of prokaryote and eukaryotes. Now, it has been utilized to edit the antibiotic resistance gene from the bacteria. It is a precise gene-editing tool that can excise a specific gene from the DNA. CRISPR mechanism is one of the natural resistant mechanisms which is highly advanced, adaptive and provides immunity to bacteria against foreign genetic elements such as plasmids, bacteriophages, and transposons. Therefore, this abortive mechanism is engineered to utilized against the drug-resistant carrier genes.