Spectral moment analysis of affricates produced by Mandarin-speaking pre-adolescents with repaired cleft palate

Abstract Objective To explore the spectral differences in frication noise between aspirated and unaspirated affricates in typical Putonghua (standard Mandarin Chinese) pre-adolescent speakers, and to compare the spectral characteristics of affricate production between speakers with repaired cleft palate and their non-cleft peers. Participants and intervention Spectral moment analysis, a quantitative approach to capture the contour of speech spectra, was carried out on speech samples produced by two groups of speakers: (a) speakers with repaired cleft palate ( n  = 14, mean age = 11.7 years) and (b) typical speakers ( n  = 10, mean age = 11.0 years). Results Data from typical speakers showed that the unaspirated affricates had significantly higher first spectral moment (M1) than their aspirated counterparts. Compared with typical speakers, individuals with repaired cleft palate exhibited a lower first moment for the four affricates /ts, tʂ, tɕ h , tɕ/. Conclusion The results revealed important acoustical differences between aspirated and unaspirated affricates for typical speakers. The trend of spectral deviation may have contributed to the difficulty in producing unaspirated affricates found in Putonghua-speaking individuals with speech disorders related to cleft palate.