Outcomes of music therapy interventions in cancer patients. A review of the literature

Abstract Background Effectiveness of music-based interventions (MI) on cancer patients’ anxiety, depression, pain and quality of life (QoL) is a current research theme. MI are highly variable, making it challenging to compare studies. Objective and methods: To summarize the evidence on MI in cancer patients, 40 studies were reviewed following the PRISMA statement. Studies were included if assessing at least one outcome among anxiety, depression, QoL and pain in patients aged ≥ 18, with an active oncological/onco-haematological diagnosis, participating to any kind of MT, during/after surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Results A positive effect of MI on the outcomes measured was supported. Greater reductions of anxiety and depression were observed in breast cancer patients. MI involving patients admitted to a hospital ward were less effective on QoL. Conclusion The increasing evidence about MI effectiveness, tolerability, feasibility and appreciation, supports the need of MI implementation in Oncology, Radiotherapy and Surgery wards, and promotion of knowledge among health operators.