Interactions between genetic polymorphisms of glucose metabolizing genes and smoking and alcohol consumption in the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus

The impact of gene-environment interaction on diabetes remains largely unknown. We aimed to investigate whether interaction between glucose metabolizing genes and lifestyle factors are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS- Interactions between genotypes of 4 glucose metabolizing genes (MTNR1B, KCNQ1, KLF14, and GCKR) and lifestyle factors were estimated in 722 T2DM patients and 759 controls, using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS- No significant associations with T2DM were detected for the SNPs of MTNR1B, KLF14 and GCKR. However, rs151290 (KCNQ1) polymorphisms was found to be associated with risk of T2DM. Compared with AA, the ORs of AC or CC genotypes for developing T2DM were 1.545 (P = 0.0489) and 1,603 (P = 0.0383), respectively. In stratified analyses, the associations were stronger in smokers with CC than smokers with AA (OR = 3.668, P = 0.013); drinkers with AC (OR = 5.518, P = 0.036), CC (OR = 8.691, P = 0.0095), and AC+CC (OR = 6.764, P = 0.016) than drinkers with AA. Comp...