Correlation between MiRNA and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Background: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are multifunctional cells with multipotential differentiation, self-renewal, immune regulation and other potentials. Under different induction conditions, BMSCs can differentiate into nerve cells and fat cells, osteoblasts, chondrocytes and other cell types, therefore, BMSCs become extremely important seed cells in gene therapy, tissue engineering, cell replacement therapy and regenerative medicine. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous non-protein-encoding RNAs of about 19 to 25 bases in length and are highly conserved. It mainly binds to the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the target gene mRNA, thereby degrading the mRNA target gene or inducing translational silencing, thereby exerting effects on regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and individual development. MiRNAs are closely involved in controlling the key steps of osteogenesis of BMSCs. Objective: In order to summarize the correlation between MiRNA and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Method: we reviewed the published literature about the microRNA regulation in osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Results: The osteogenic differentiation process of BMSCs is closely related to multiple signaling pathways. Different miRNAs regulate the expression of their respective target genes, up-regulate or down-regulate the expression levels of regulatory factors, and thus affect the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Conclusion: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are one of the important sources of osteogenic seed cells in tissue engineering, and they have good application prospects in the field of bone defect repair and regeneration. Gene therapy with the goal of miRNA target genes will benefit patients as research progresses. It is believed that with the continuous development of biomedicine, the differentiation mechanism of BMSCs into osteoblasts will be continuously clarified, providing a new theoretical and experimental basis for bone tissue engineering and clinical treatment.