Persistence of genotypic resistance to nelfinavir among women exposed to prophylactic antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy.

We assessed the development of drug resistance in women exposed to antiretroviral therapy (ART) for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) after 24 weeks postpartum in a prospective cohort of HIV-1-infected women. HIV-1-infected women, who received prophylactic ART during pregnancy, had genotypic resistance testing performed at the start (T1) of and 24 weeks after ART interruption (T2). The women had CD4 counts >250 cells/ml and no AIDS defining conditions. Of the 30 eligible women, the median age was 27 years [25–75% interquartile range (IQR): 21–32] and the median gestational age of ART initiation was 22 weeks (IQR: 19–27): 19 (63.3%) received zidovudine (ZDV) plus lamivudine (3TC) plus nelfinavir (NFV). At entry, most women (96.7%) were asymptomatic (CDC93 A1/A2), with a median CD4 count of 446 (IQR: 353–686) and median viral load (VL) of 8560 copies/ml (IQR: 3,252–19,515). No HIV-1 vertical transmission was observed. HIV subtype B was the most prevalent (70%). The development of new mutati...