Biological conversion of lignocellulosic waste in the renewable energy

Abstract Transforming waste into energy, including solid waste, and waste fuel, is a valuable source of renewable energy. The generating energy from waste is not just a way to get rid of garbage, but a way to recover valuable resources and a vital part of the sustainable and integrated waste management chain. The fuel extracted from the waste will serve to reduce the storage and abandonment of industrial waste in the long run and prevent the environmental risks that can be caused by its accumulation in landfills. The remainder of the remaining solid waste represents food waste and can be an energy source through special treatment for biogas production (methane). Several of the cellulosic agricultural wastes generated every day inside the world cause serious environmental pollution consequences if they accumulate inside the agricultural ecosystems. Every year, large quantities of cellular pollen waste are produced through biology and agricultural practices, in the wood industries and many agricultural industries, which creates problems of environmental pollution by burning them on the surface of the soil or incorporating them into the soil matrix. Cellulosic ethanol is a biofuel produced from lignocellulose, which is a structural material that contains a large mass of plants. One of the benefits of cellulosic ethanol is that it reduces greenhouse gas emissions (greenhouse gases) by 85% above modified gasoline. Starch ethanol (e.g., from corn), which uses natural gas most often to supply the energy needed for this process, may not reduce greenhouse gas emissions at all depending on how the starch-based raw material is exhibited. This chapter will focus on the importance of the biological transformation of lignocellulosic materials into biofuels in biotechnology as well as the basic steps of production processes. Additionally, to highlight the use of nanotechnology to produce biofuels using cellulosic cell wastes.