Population Dynamics and Tourism Effect on Future Water Demand. Case Study of Los Cabos, Baja California Sur

In Mexico, tourism represents the third-highest source of foreign currency, whereby 2020 the number of visitors will be 45 million. The destination of Los Cabos Beach has become one of the most important sites due to the growing reception of tourists. However, as any enclave development presents a higher population growth, it places it as one of the coastal municipalities with the most considerable growth at the national level. As a result, there is an accelerated increase in the demand for water resources. This chapter analyzes the population and tourism dynamics, as well as their effect, on the future water demand in Los Cabos, BCS. The methodology is quantitative, based on the analysis of statistical data of representative variables (flow of visitors, length of stay, hotel rooms, total population, consumption, and average availability of water) through which future scenarios were projected. The results warn that the population growth of Los Cabos will cause enormous pressures on the availability of hydrological resources. This situation leads to reconsideration, on behalf of the authorities in charge of water management, to design policies and execute actions that lead to the rational use of the resource, as well as to think about alternative sources of supply. While some of the projections may be underestimated, they provide valuable quantitative information and a point of reference for decision-making. Also, the information generated contributes to a greater understanding of local challenges with respect to the sustainability of this vital resource.