Composite fish farming: A review on economic enterprise for rural empowerment and livelihood generation

2018 
Composite farming is poly-species farming at any scale, which is found to be highly profitable because of the low input costs. But no longer continues, as the cost of basic inputs like cow dung, poultry manure, ground nut oil cake, mustard oil cake, rice bran and land costs has increased by many folds while the gate value of the fish remained almost constant. Quality of water, fish seed, feed and health management is essential prerequisite for optimizing production and productivity from inland fisheries and aquaculture in the country. Composite fish farming in pond culture system consists of Indian major carps (IMC) (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala) and exotic major carps (Hypophthalmicthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idella and Cyprinus carpio). This system is a practical alteration of the original three species IMC polyculture so as to fulfill the vacant niches in a pond ecosystem for optimizing internal resource utilization and thereby a means of increasing productivity. Polyculture of compatible fish species is the most ecologically sound fish culture practice which facilitates efficient utilization of all ecological zones within the pond environment enhancing the maximum standing crop and the empowerment for rural youth, which in turn will enhance food and nutritional security.
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