Persistent fluctuations of the swarm size of Brownian bees

The "Brownian bees" model describes a system of $N$ independent branching Brownian particles. At each branching event the particle farthest from the origin is removed, so that the number of particles remains constant at all times. Berestycki et al. (2020) proved that, at $N\to \infty$, the coarse-grained spatial density of this particle system is described by the solution of a free boundary problem for a deterministic reaction-diffusion equation. Further, they showed that, at long times, this solution approaches a unique steady state: a spherically symmetric distribution with compact support whose radius $\ell_0$ depends on the spatial dimension $d$. Here we study fluctuations in this system in the limit of large $N$ due to the stochastic character of the branching Brownian motion, and we focus on persistent fluctuations of the swarm size. We evaluate the probability density $\mathcal{P}(\ell,N,T)$ that the swarm size remains smaller than a specified value $\ell \ell_0$, on a time interval $0

Keywords:

• Brownian motion
• Particle system
• Rate function
• Radius
• Physics
• Mathematical physics
• Probability density function
• Free boundary problem
• Symmetric probability distribution
• Dimension (graph theory)

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