Validation of model-based correction for non-Stokesian tracers

In-situ flow-tracking measurements at scales on the order of 10 m3 and larger remain a challenge. The large size of the tracers required for optical visibility results in an inertial lag and inherently low seeding density. For instance, natural snowfall, fake snow and soap bubbles on the order of 2 cm have been used as tracers for field measurements and extracted statistical quantities (Nemes et al., 2017; Wei et al., 2021; Rosi et al., 2014). There is also growing interest in networks of sensors for remote- measurement where optical access is impossible (Bolt et al. 2020; Villa et al. 2016). Onboard inertial measurement units (IMU) are a promising tool for high-resolution measurements over large spatial domains without optical access. However, due to the intrinsic lag, a dynamic-model-based correction is required for the tracking of transient phenomena, sketched in figure 1. In the present study, the tracer-velocity correction is evaluated by quantifying the residual error in measured flow velocity after the method of Galler et al. (2021) is applied.