The Establishment and Spread of Spilopsyllus Cuniculi (Dale) and Its Location on the Host, Oryctolagus Cuniculus (L.), In the Mallee Region of Victoria.

European rabbit fleas (Spilopsyllus cuniculi) (Dale)) were released into a population of wild rabbits at 7 sites on Pine Plains in the Mallee district of Victoria, Australia, and their establishment and distribution observed monthly for 4 years. After 12 months, including one breeding season, the fleas were found on some rabbits up to 0.8 km from some release sites. By the end of the second breeding season, the distance of spread had doubled, and 4 years after the initial release, including 5 breeding seasons, about 95% of rabbits caught carried S. cuniculi. The furthest spread was about 13 km. When the initial release was made during the summer months, the non-breeding season, spread was slow; in one area, it took 2 years for S. cuniculi to become firmly established. When examples of S. cuniculi infected with myxoma virus were released, no establishment of the disease was observed. The numbers of S. cuniculi per rabbit were low during the first breeding season, but they were high, up to 500/rabbit, after 4 years. In most cases, the fleas were seen on the ears, pinnae and head of the rabbit and occasionally in the body fur. The highest numbers were usually found on pregnant lactating does about to litter, but some bucks also carried a large number.