The Association between Borna Disease Virus and Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review

Abstract Introduction Schizophrenia is a disabling psychiatric disorder. The role of Borna Disease Virus (BDV) in the etiology of schizophrenia has been suggested by several studies. However, the existence of such association remained controversial. The present meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate this association. Method This systematic review and meta - analysis was conducted using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA). Online databases including Scopus, PubMed, Science direct, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Google scholar search engine were searched until January 15, 2017. The heterogeneity of the studies was evaluated using Cochran's Q test and I 2 statistic. Finally, random effects model was used for combining the results using Stata software version 11.1. Result Overall, 30 studies containing 2533 cases and 4004 controls were included in the meta-analysis. The combined odds ratio (OR) for the relationship between BDV and schizophrenia was estimated to be 2.72 (95%CI: 1.75–4.20). This association based on RT-PCR, WB, IFA, EIA, RLA, ECLIA methods was estimated to be 3.83 (95%CI: 1.59–9.20), 4.99 (95%CI: 1.80–13.85), 1.27 (95%CI: 0.23–7.12), 2.26 (95%CI: 0.48–10.64), 1.67 (95%CI: 0.50–5.56) and 2.88 (95%CI: 1.38–6.01), respectively. Subgroup analysis according to WBC, serum and plasma samples was estimated to be 3.31 (95%CI: 1.19–9.25), 2.21 (95% CI: 1.17–4.17), 2.21 (95%CI: 1.03–4.73) and 7.89 (95%CI: 1.75–35.53), respectively. Conclusion The results indicated the role of BDV in the etiology of schizophrenia.