Estimation of anthropogenic ammonia emissions in asia

The major anthropogenic sources of ammonia in China and Asia are the application of chemical fertilizer, livestock and energy consumption. The total NH3 emission of China is 13,578 kt, accounting for 55% of the total emission of Asia, of which fertilizer application accounts for 46%, livestock 29%, poultry 0.9% and energy consumption 19.5%. It can be seen that agriculture is by far the largest emitter. NH3 emissions from 20 other Asian countries have also been calculated. The total emission (including China) is 24,608. The largest emitters in Asia are China and India. The biggest sources in Asia are animal and fertilizer. Emission per capita and per square kilometer for China are 12 kg and 1.41 t, respectively; for 21 Asian countries 8.87 kg and 1.16 t compared to 14.19 kg and 1.27 t for Europe, respectively.