Regulating the size and spatial distribution of Pd nanoparticles supported by the defect engineered metal–organic framework HKUST-1 and applied in the aerobic oxidation of cinnamyl alcohol

The functional composite of metal nanoparticles (NPs) and defect-engineered metal-organic frameworks (DE-MOFs), NPs@DE-MOFs, is an emerging field of MOF materials chemistry. Herein, we report on a series of novel Pd-NPs@DE-HKUST-1(Cu/Pd) catalysts containing both micro- and mesopores through the incorporation of the defect-generating linker 2,6-pyridyldicarboxylate (pydc). The Pd NPs are formed by partial reduction of the Pd2+ sites of the pristine mixed-metal DE-HKUST-1(Cu/Pd) with methanol. The size regime and the spatial distribution of the Pd NPs can be controlled by the amount of framework-incorporated pydc. The samples exhibit superior catalytic activity in the aerobic oxidation of cinnamyl alcohol as compared to the parent HKUST-1.