High catalytic performance and sustainability of the Ni/La2O3 catalyst for daily pre-reforming of liquefied petroleum gas under a low steam/carbon molar ratio

The Ni/La2O3 catalyst first shows not only high catalytic activity and long-term stability but also excellent sustainability in the daily start-up and shut-down operation for the pre-reforming of LPG at a low S/C molar ratio of 1.0 due to new synergistic active sites consisting of metal Ni nanoparticles and La2O2CO3 species.