Effect of circulatory occlusion on human muscle metabolism during exercise and recovery

To assess muscle metabolism and inorganic phosphate (Pi) peak splitting during exercise, 31-phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed during ramp incremental and submaximal step exercise with and without circulatory occlusion. Seven healthy men performed calf flexion in a superconducting magnet. There was no Pi splitting during ramp incremental exercise with the circulation present and phosphocreatine (PCr) decreased linearly by 0.07 (SEM 0.01) mmol · l−1 · s−1, while exercise with the circulation occluded caused the Pi peak to split into a high and a low pH peak. The rate of PCr decrease during exercise with the circulation occluded was 0.15 (SEM 0.03) mmol · l−1 · s−1 which with the efficiency of the adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis reaction corresponded well to the mechanical energy. Both with and without occlusion of the circulation PCr decreased with some time lag which may reflect the consumption of residual oxygen. In submaximal step exercise PCr decreased exponentially at the onset of exercise with the circulation open whereas it decreased linearly by 0.15␣mmol · l−1 · s−1 when the circulation was occluded. After exercise, occlusion of the circulation was maintained for 1 min more and there was no PCr resynthesis. It is suggested that ATP synthesis was limited by the availability of oxygen.