Vitamin D Insufficiency in a Sunshine-Sufficient Area: Southern Ethiopia

BackgroundAlthough the photosynthesis and bioavailability of vitamin D are influenced by various factors, vitamin D is produced in the skin by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight. However, vitamin D insufficiency is being recognized as a common problem, even in areas with abundant sunshine.ObjectiveThis study assessed vitamin D status by measuring plasma 25(OH)D concentrations in rural women in southern Ethiopia living in the Rift Valley at 7°3′ N latitude.MethodsNonpregnant women (n = 202) living in three adjacent rural communities volunteered to participate in this cross-sectional study. Demographic, socioeconomic, health, and food frequency data were acquired by questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements and a fasting venipuncture blood sample were obtained by qualified professionals. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. ELISA kits from ImmunoDiagnostic Systems were used to determine concentrations of 25(OH)D with external quality control standards from UTAK Laboratories.ResultsThe self-report...