Electric field-induced mobilisation of multiphase solution systems based on the nitration of benzene in a micro reactor
2001
This paper describes the electric field-induced flow
characteristics of multiphase solutions in a micro reactor device using the
nitration of benzene as a model process. Photolithographic and wet etching
techniques were used to fabricate the micro reactor (channels, 200 μm
id, 100 μm deep) in a borosilicate glass substrate. The results focus
specifically on the flow parameters of reagents/reactants (i.e.,
voltage, solution concentration and pH ranges and current–voltage
relationships) used in this study. The benzene was introduced and mobilised
by electroosmotic flow (EOF), as a microemulsion using an appropriate
surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate), whilst the nitronium ions, produced
in situ from mixed
H2SO4–HNO3 (the nitrating agent),
underwent electrophoretic-induced (electrokinetic) mobility. A
co-surfactant, butan-1-ol, was used owing to (a) its relative solubility in
the aqueous surfactant solution, (b) its ability to aid the solubilization
of benzene, (c) the provision of a water-rich (oil-in-water) rather than
oil-rich (water-in-oil) microemulsion system and (d) its lack of
significant adverse effects on the EOF. The optimum conditions used for the
nitration of benzene within the micro reactor were a run of the
microemulsion as main reagent stream, then three 30 s segmented injections
of mixed acid, with a 5 s push of the microemulsion into the system after
each injection, and then a 60 s stopped-flow reaction time before driving
reaction product segments to a collection reservoir.
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