Regional differences in the global burden of age-related macular degeneration.

BACKGROUND: Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness. This study aims to analyze regional differences on the global burden of AMD and help direct related policy making. METHODS: Disability-adjusted life years (DALY) data were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2017 to estimate the AMD burden. Mean education years, human development index (HDI) and Public Health Expenditure were extracted from the Human Development Report 2018, and latitude data were obtained from the Google Earth. These four factors were analyzed to see their importance in regional differences of AMD burden, using Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn's multiple comparisons test as well as regression analysis. RESULTS: Global age-standardized DALY rates have decreased since 2011. Based on the WHO region system, age-standardized DALY rates in African and Eastern Mediterranean region were significantly lower than those of other four regions. Linear regression analysis indicated that age-standardized DALY rates were inversely related to HDI and mean education years. CONCLUSIONS: The age-standardized AMD burden had a decreasing tendency recently. Lower socioeconomic status and fewer education years were associated with higher AMD burden. The finding of this study may highlight the importance of national development and education on relieving AMD burden.