Low-temperature helium in bulk and in restricted geometries

Experiments with helium in thin films and small pores show that the bulk properties are greatly modified. With 4He, the onset of superfluidity is depressed and the specific heat anomaly is rounded and also depressed to lower temperatures. With 3He new features are found such as surface magnetism and free path effects. Bulk superfluid 4He is shown to have a sharp transition to turbulence, and bulk 3He the characteristics of a Fermi fluid.