In vitro regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor by estrogens and antiestrogens in estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer.

Background The effects of antiestrogens on angiogenesis in breast cancer are not fully defined. In this study we investigated thein vitro effects of antiestrogens at different concentrations on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells.