Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Properties of Nickel Oxide (NiO) With Nanostructured Morphology for Photoconversion Applications

The cost-effective production of chemicals in electrolytic cells and the conversion of the radiation energy into electrical energy in photoelectrochemical cells (PECs) require the use of electrodes with large surface area, which possess either electrocatalytic or photoelectrocatalytic properties. In this context nanostructured semiconductors are electrodic materials of great relevance because of the possibility of varying their photoelectrocatalytic properties in a controlled fashion via doping, dye-sensitization or modification of the conditions of deposition. Among semiconductors for electrolysers and PECs the class of the transition metal oxides (TMOs) interests for the chemical-physical inertness in ambient conditions and for the intrinsic electroactivity in the solid state. The latter aspect implies the existence of capacitive properties in TMO electrodes which thus act as charge storage systems. After a comparative analysis of the (photo)electrochemical properties of nanostructured TMO electrodes in the configuration of thin film the use of these systems for the specific applications of water photoelectrolysis and, secondly, photoelectrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide will be discussed.