The effect of diabetes on the bone metabolism

The relationship between diabetes and osteoporosis has gradually become a new research hotspot, but is still much controversy. High concentration of blood glucose can be bond to varieties of proteins in vivo and form glycosylation end products in col- lagen tissue and reduce bone strength, besides it can inhibit RANKL induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption by repressing redox-sensitive NF-kappa B activity. A series of diabetes mellitus complications can induce less local bone nutrition supply and calcium and phosphorus sorption, reduce muscle tension and bone mineral density, which leads to the increase of fracture risk. Type 2 diabetes patients with overweight or obesity often have increased secretion of inflammation factors, adiponectin and leptin, which promotes the formation of osteoclasts and encourages bone marrow stromal stem ceils to differentiate into adipocytes; On the other hand, adiponectin and leptin can facilitate osteoblasts proliferation, differentiation and activity, and promotes bone formation. This article will discuss how diabetes works on bone metabolism and the underlying pathophysiological and physiological mechanism. Key words: Diabetes mellitus;  Osteoporosis