Furfural removal from synthetic wastewater by persulfate anion activated with electrical current: Energy consumption and operating costs optimization

In this study, sulfate radical, as a stronger oxidizer, was obtained through activation of persulfate anion (PS, S 2 O 8 2-) using transition metals such as iron ions and electrical current and then were used to remove furfural from synthetic wastewater. The energy consumption and operating costs optimization of the process were also determined. In this experimental study, a reactor with effective volume of one liter was used. Four iron electrodes with dimensions of 2 × 20 cm were used as the anode and cathode. The electrodes were connected to the device of direct current generator as monopolar alternatively. The findings indicate that the process has a high capacity for removal of furfural, and pH of the solution, the initial concentration of persulfate and voltage among the other parameters have a significant impact on furfural removal. In the optimal conditions, the method used in the study was able to remove > 98 of the initial concentrations of the furfural. The use of persulfate anion in electrochemical reactors with iron anode electrode can work well in removing furfural, so this process can be used to reduce the pollution load of raw wastewater before entering the conventional treatment units.