Indices of glucose homeostasis in cord blood in term and preterm newborns
2016
Objective: According to the thrifty phenotype hypothesis, intrauterine malnutrition
has a role in the etiology of type 2 diabetes. This study was planned to determine the
early alterations in indices of glucose homeostasis (glucose, insulin, and cortisol) in
term and preterm newborns and the correlations of glucose, insulin, and cortisol levels
with insulin resistance indices.
Methods: A descriptive study comprising 35 term and 35 preterm newborns was
carried out from December 2013 to June 2015. Venous cord blood was collected
and plasma glucose was analyzed by the glucose oxidase-peroxidase method in
an auto analyzer. Serum insulin and cortisol levels were assessed by the enzymelinked
immunosorbent assay. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance
(HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index and glucose insulin ratio
were calculated to assess insulin resistance. The data on physical and metabolic
parameters were analyzed using standard tests for statistical significance.
Results: In term newborns, mean glucose and cortisol levels (83.6±17.4 mg/dL and
11.88±5.78 μg/dL, respectively) were significantly higher than those in preterm infants
(70.4±15.8 mg/dL and 8.9±4.6 μg/dL, respectively). Insulin and HOMA-IR levels were
found higher in preterm newborns (10.8±4.8 μIU/mL and 1.52±0.66, respectively) than
in term newborns (7.9±2.7 μIU/mL and 1.19±0.29, respectively). Insulin was found to
positively correlate with HOMA-IR, whereas cortisol was negatively correlated with
HOMA-IR in both term and preterm newborns.
Conclusion: Higher insulin levels and HOMA-IR values in the cord blood of preterm
newborns support the theory of intrauterine origin of metabolic diseases.
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