Inpatient length of stay moderates the relationship between payer source and functional outcomes in pediatric brain injury.

OBJECTIVE To examine the extent to which race/ethnicity, length of rehabilitation hospital stay (LOS), and payer source contribute to functional status following inpatient rehabilitation in children with acquired brain injury (ABI). DESIGN Retrospective cohort study from a pediatric rehabilitation hospital including 485 individuals with ABI. METHODS Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM) scores were transformed into age-corrected Developmental Functional Quotients (DFQ) to examine the effects of race/ethnicity, LOS, and payer source (public insurance vs. private) on functional outcomes while controlling for year of admission, admission DFQ, time to rehabilitation, age, and brain injury aetiology. RESULTS Discharge DFQ scores tended to be lower for children with public insurance as well as those with longer LOS. There was no main effect of race/ethnicity, but a significant interaction effect for payer source×LOS (p < .001) was found. Further breakdown of the interaction showed lower discharge DFQ scores for children with public insurance primarily when LOS exceeded 28 days (p = .001). CONCLUSION Children with ABI who have both public insurance and LOS beyond 4 weeks tend to have poorer functional outcomes after inpatient rehabilitation. Because all children were receiving services at the same facility, payer source may be functioning as a proxy for other sociodemographic factors.